Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Analysis of stance position on the accuracy of forehand and backhand strokes in beginner table tennis players

Azzahra Julia Putri Anjani, Mochamad Yamin Saputra, Geraldi Novian — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: This study was motivated by the low accuracy of forehand and backhand strokes among beginner table tennis players, which is due to unstable stance positions and poor balance during ball striking. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between stance position and the accuracy of forehand and backhand strokes among beginner table tennis players. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design with 7 beginner table tennis athletes. The research instruments were forehand and backhand accuracy tests using the multiball method and stance position analysis through video recordings, analyzed using the Kinovea application. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, and correlational tests. Result: The results showed a tendency between stance position and forehand and backhand accuracy, both separately and in combination, but the relationship did not show strong statistical significance. Conclusion: This study concluded that stance position plays an important role as a technical foundation. However, it is not yet a dominant factor in determining the accuracy of beginner table tennis players' strokes. The researchers suggest that training for beginner table tennis players should emphasize structured basic stance training and utilize motion analysis to improve stroke accuracy.

Development and evaluation of an IoT-based data analytics system for optimizing football learning in higher education

M. Said Zainuddin, Sudirman Sudirman, Ahmad Zakaria — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: While smart technology and big data have advanced, football instruction at Indonesian universities lags. Most local classrooms lack high-tech tools, presenting an opportunity to modernize sports science. Objective: This research aimed to develop an IoT-based system and analytics platform for higher education, equipping students and coaches with data-driven insights for modern football training. Methods: Conducted at Universitas Negeri Makassar over five months (August–December), the study followed a Research and Development approach with six phases: needs analysis, design, development, expert validation, field trials, and effectiveness evaluation. Participants included Physical Education students divided into experimental (IoT system) and control (traditional methods) groups. Instruments concisely combined wearable sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS) for movement tracking with skill assessments, expert questionnaires, and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed via paired and independent-samples t-tests; effect sizes via partial eta-squared (η²p); reliability via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Qualitative data were reduced, displayed, and summarized. Result: Key outcomes included a validated four-layer IoT system (expert-approved in field, technology, and pedagogy), a data analytics model spanning planning, realization, control, and evaluation, and significant skill improvements (passing accuracy, sprint speed, agility, kicking power) in the experimental group with large practical effects. Conclusion: The IoT system proved feasible and effective for enhancing football skills. Future research could scale it to broader athletic training contexts or integrate AI for real-time feedback.

Effects of three-month fartlek training on resting and dynamic blood pressure in adolescents: A quasi-experimental study

Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Blood pressure regulation is an important indicator of cardiovascular function, which is influenced by physical activity. Aerobic exercise has been shown to lower blood pressure. However, studies on the effects of varying intensity training, such as fartlek, on resting blood pressure and dynamic responses during physical activity are limited, particularly in younger populations. Objective: This study aimed to analyze resting blood pressure adaptation and the dynamic blood pressure response after participation in a 3-month fartlek training program. Methods: This quasi-experimental pretest–posttest study involved 59 male adolescents (13-14 years) selected through purposive sampling. A three-month fartlek program was conducted. Blood pressure at rest, during activity, and during recovery was measured using a bicycle test and a digital sphygmomanometer, and analyzed with paired t-tests and Cohen’s d. Result: Resting systolic blood pressure decreased from 96.1 ± 11.2 to 91.6 ± 8.0 mmHg (p < 0.001; d = 1.41), while diastolic pressure decreased from 58.7 ± 9.1 to 57.2 ± 7.1 mmHg (p < 0.05; d = 0.75). During activity, the decrease in blood pressure was more pronounced at submaximal (d = 0.58) than at higher intensities (d = 0.23-0.24). In the recovery phase, there was a consistent increase in cardiovascular efficiency, with moderate to near-large effect sizes (d = 0.60-0.72). Conclusion: Fartlek training effectively improves blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular function in young individuals, particularly in enhancing submaximal response efficiency and accelerating hemodynamic recovery after physical activity. Future studies should include control groups and additional physiological parameters to strengthen causal interpretation and generalizability.

Cardiovascular adaptation to whole-body vibration exercise in obese young adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and exploratory analysis of sex differences

Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Obesity is strongly associated with hypertension and autonomic dysfunction. Whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) has been proposed as a low-impact intervention for improving cardiovascular function in obese adults, but sex-specific responses remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration exercise on blood pressure, autonomic function, and cardiac output in adults with obesity, and to explore potential sex differences in cardiovascular adaptations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies examining the effects of WBV on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate variability (HRV), and cardiac output (CO) in adults with obesity. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, and PEDro through June 2025 and updated on October 19, 2025. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Blood pressure outcomes were measured with study-reported clinical devices, while HRV outcomes were obtained from ECG-based or validated HRV monitoring systems where reported. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted; standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Heterogeneity was quantified using I². Result: Ten studies (n = 1,106 participants) met inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis indicated a moderate reduction in SBP following WBVE (SMD = –0.42; 95% CI, –0.65 to –0.19; I² = 45%). DBP showed a small-to-moderate reduction. Improvements in HRV, including greater HF power and reduced LF/HF ratio, were reported across five studies, suggesting increased parasympathetic modulation. Only two studies measured CO, finding transient acute increases. Female-only studies reported more consistent improvements than mixed-sex cohorts, but male-only data were sparse, preventing firm conclusions. Conclusion: Whole-body vibration exercise may modestly improve blood pressure and autonomic function in adults with obesity, although evidence regarding sex differences remains limited and inconclusive.

Physical fitness, body mass index, and physical activity among senior secondary students: A cross-sectional study in an Indonesian Islamic secondary school

Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Physical fitness is a fundamental component of adolescent health and contributes to academic performance, mental well-being, and lifelong health outcomes. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise in sedentary behavior, evidence on the fitness profiles of Indonesian senior secondary students—particularly in Islamic secondary schools (Madrasah Aliyah)—remains scarce. Objective: To assess the physical fitness level of Madrasah Aliyah students and to examine its association with body mass index (BMI) and self-reported physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 35 students (18 male, 17 female; aged 15–19 years) at MA Raudlatul Irfan, South Tangerang, using purposive sampling. Physical fitness was measured using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) for ages 16–19, comprising five items (60-m sprint, pull-up/flexed-arm hang, sit-up, vertical jump, and 1200-m/1000-m run). Habitual physical activity was assessed using the IPAQ Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and BMI was derived from anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test for between-sex comparisons, and Spearman’s rank correlation for associations among variables (α = 0.05). Result: Most students were classified in the low-income (45.7%) or moderate (34.3%) fitness category, with only 5.7% in the very good category. The mean TKJI score was 13.46 (SD = 3.12). Male students achieved significantly higher scores than female students (15.28 vs. 11.53; Mann–Whitney U, p = 0.003). BMI was negatively correlated with fitness (rs = −0.521; p = 0.001), while physical activity was positively correlated with fitness (rs = 0.634; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Physical fitness among Madrasah Aliyah students was predominantly below the national standard, with cardiorespiratory endurance as the weakest component. BMI and physical activity emerged as significant correlates of fitness. Structured physical activity programs, improved sport facilities, and integrated nutrition education are needed. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are recommended to establish causal pathways and to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based fitness programs in Islamic secondary schools.

The influence of lower-body explosive power, speed, and eye-foot coordination on long jump performance: A path analysis study

Alwi Fahruzy Nasution, Imanuddin Siregar — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Long jump performance is influenced by various physical and coordinative components, particularly lower-body explosive power, running speed, and eye-foot coordination. However, limited studies have simultaneously examined the predictive relationships among these variables using a path analysis model among university students in physical education programs. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the direct and indirect predictive relationships among lower-body explosive power, speed, eye-foot coordination, and long jump performance. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational design with path analysis. The sample consisted of 30 students selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using standardized physical performance tests, including the wall pass test for eye-foot coordination, the vertical jump test for lower-body explosive power, the 100-meter sprint test for speed, and the squat-style long jump test for long jump performance. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26, including normality and linearity testing and path analysis. Result: The findings revealed that eye-foot coordination had a significant direct relationship with speed (p < 0.001), while lower-body explosive power demonstrated the strongest significant direct relationship with long jump performance (β = 0.593; p < 0.001). Eye-foot coordination also showed a significant direct relationship with lower-body explosive power (β = 0.397; p = 0.030). However, speed did not significantly predict long jump performance directly (β = 0.014; p = 0.936). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.537) indicated that eye-foot coordination, lower-body explosive power, and speed collectively explained 53.7% of the variance in long jump performance. Conclusion: In conclusion, lower-body explosive power emerged as the strongest predictor associated with long jump performance, while eye-foot coordination contributed both directly and indirectly through speed and explosive power. These findings suggest that long jump training programs should prioritize the development of explosive lower-body power and coordination to improve athletic performance.

Dietary patterns and nutritional status in soccer athletes: A cross-sectional study from an ergonomic perspective

Rina Mayangsari, Ravi Masitah — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Normal nutritional status has been established as one of the principal determinants in an athlete's performance. Dietary quality plays a critical role in optimizing athletes' physical fitness and performance outcomes. Objective: To examine the associations between dietary patterns on the MacPersona System and nutritional status of soccer players (energy, protein, et cetera, fat, and carbohydrates). Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted involving 21 soccer players (total sampling). Dietary patterns were assessed using a validated Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Nutritional status was measured using Body Mass Index(BMI) based on anthropometric data. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (SPSS version 26). A95% confidenceinterval was applied. Result: 71.4% of athletes had normal nutritional status. The Chi-square test revealed significant associations between nutritional status and energy intake (p = 0.014), protein intake (p = 0.046), fat intake (p = 0.002), and carbohydrate intake (p = 0.006). Athletes with normal nutritional status consistently showed good macronutrient intake (80%–93.3%), while those with abnormal status predominantly had poor intake (>80% for all macronutrients). Conclusion: Balanced and adequate macronutrient intake is significantly associated with normal nutritional status in soccer athletes. These findings emphasize the need for holistic, ergonomically designed nutritional interventions integrated into training programs to optimize performance and long-term health.