The correlation between the amount of weight gain and physical activity levels in Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) users
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um086v3i12025p18-26Keywords:
Contraception, DMPA uers, physical activity, weight gainAbstract
Background: DMPA is a widely used contraceptive in Indonesia due to its accessibility and effectiveness. However, side effects such as weight gain are a concern, with more than 90% of the 600 users in 2022-2023 experiencing them. Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation between the amount of weight gain and physical activity levels in DMPA users. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling, involving 82 women (aged 19-51 years, average weight 58 kg) selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires covering demographics, medical history, and physical activity level based on IPAQ. Body weight was measured with a calibrated digital scale, and association analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Result: Analysis showed no statistically significant association between physical activity level and the amount of weight gain in DMPA users (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Other factors beyond physical activity, such as diet and metabolism, may play a more significant role in weight gain in DMPA users, so further research is needed. Future research should clarify these relationships by considering a broader range of influencing factors, including demographic variables, metabolic health, lifestyle behaviors, etc., to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how DMPA use affects weight management.
References
Babatunde, O., & Forsyth, J. (2013). Association Between Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA), Physical Activity and Bone Health. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 32(3), 305–311.
Beksinska, M., Issema, R., Beesham, I., Lalbahadur, T., Thomas, K. K., Morrison, C., Hofmeyr, G. J., Steyn, P. S., Mugo, N., Palanee‐Phillips, T., Ahmed, K., Nair, G., Baeten, J. M., & Smit, J. (2021). Weight Change Among Women Using Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, a Copper Intrauterine Device, or a Levonorgestrel Implant for Contraception: Findings from a Randomised, Multicentre, Open-Label Trial. Eclinicalmedicine, 34, 100800.
Benítez-Porres, J., Delgado, M., & Ruiz, J. R. (2013). Comparison of Physical Activity Estimates Using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Accelerometry in Fibromyalgia Patients: The Al-Andalus Study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(16), 1741–1752.
Bonny, A. E., Secic, M., & Cromer, B. A. (2011). Early Weight Gain Related to Later Weight Gain in Adolescents on Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 117(4), 793–797.
Cioffi, J., Schmied, V., Dahlen, H. G., Mills, A., Thornton, C., Duff, M., Cummings, J., & Kolt, G. S. (2010). Physical Activity in Pregnancy: Women’s Perceptions, Practices, and Influencing Factors. Journal of Midwifery & Women S Health, 55(5), 455–461.
Dianat, S., Fox, E., Ahrens, K. A., Upadhyay, U. D., Zlidar, V. M., Gallo, M. F., ... & Dehlendorf, C. (2019). Side effects and health benefits of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate: a systematic review. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(2), 332-341.
Dinkes Jatim. (2021). Profil Kesehatan DinasKesehatan Jawa Timur.
Fogelholm, M. (2010). Physical Activity, Fitness and Fatness: Relations to Mortality, Morbidity and Disease Risk Factors. A Systematic Review. Obesity Reviews, 11(3), 202–221.
IPAQ. (2005). Guidelines for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short and Long Forms. www.ipaq.ki.se
Jang, H. J., Kim, B. S., Won, C. W., Kim, S. Y., & Seo, M. W. (2020). The Relationship Between Psychological Factors and Weight Gain. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 41(6), 381–368.
Jirakittidul, P., Somyaprasert, C., & Angsuwathana, S. (2019). Prevalence of Documented Excessive Weight Gain Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 11(5), 326–331.
Kemenkes RI. (2021). Pedoman Pelayanan Kontrasepsi.
Le, Y.-C. L., Rahman, M., & Berenson, A. B. (2010). Perceived Weight Gain as a Correlate of Physical Activity and Energy Intake Among White, Black, and Hispanic Reproductive-Aged Women. Journal of Women S Health, 19(11), 1987–1993.
Lee, I. M., Djoussé, L., Sesso, H. D., Wang, L., & Buring, J. E. (2010). Physical activity and weight gain prevention. Jama, 303(12), 1173-1179.
Lopez, L. M., Bernholc, A., Chen, M., Grey, T. W., Otterness, C., Westhoff, C., Edelman, A., & Helmerhorst, F. M. (2016). Hormonal contraceptives for contraception in overweight or obese women. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(8), CD008452.
Lopez, L. M., Ramesh, S., Chen, M., Edelman, A., Otterness, C., Trussell, J., & Helmerhorst, F. M. (2016). Progestin-Only Contraceptives: Effects on Weight. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(8).
Mehta, S., Kale, E., & Rashid, F. (2021). Revisiting Depot Medroxyprogesterone. International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10(3), 946-950.
Okumatsu, K., Yamauchi, H., Kotake, R., Gosho, M., & Nakata, Y. (2021). Association Between Endocrine Therapy and Weight Gain After Breast Cancer Diagnosis Among Japanese Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Medical Sciences, 9(3), 50.
Okunola, T. O., Bola-Oyebamiji, S. B., & Sowemimo, O. (2019). Comparison of Weight Gain Between Levonorgestrel and Etonogestrel Implants After 12 months of Insertion. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 147(1), 54–58.
Oshodi, Y. A., Agbara, J. O., Ade fashola, O. O., Akinlusi, F. M., Olalere, H. F., & Kuye, T. O. (2019). Weight gain and menstrual abnormalities between users of Depo-provera and Noristerat. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8(6), 2226–2231.
Rafiq, A. A., Sutono, S., & Wicaksana, A. L. (2022). Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Penurunan Berat Badan dan Tingkat Kolesterol pada Orang dengan Obesitas: Literature Review. Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal), 5(3), 167-178.
Rizka, P. M. B., & Savitri, D. (2023). Physical activity, weight gain, 3 month injection contraceptive acceptors. C.
Silva, M. d., Weiderpass, E., Licaj, I., & Rylander, C. (2018). Factors Associated With High Weight Gain and Obesity Duration: The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study. Obesity Facts, 11(5), 381–392.
Silva, P., Qadir, S., Fernandes, A., Bahamondes, L., & Peipert, J. F. (2018). Dietary Intake and Eating Behavior in Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users: A Systematic Review. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 51(6), 1-6.
Stommel, M. (2010). Activity Levels Inversely Associated with Weight Gain in Women Only When BMI Is Less Than 25. Evidence-Based Nursing, 13(4), 110–111.
Vickery, Z., Madden, T., Zhao, Q., Secura, G. M., Allsworth, J. E., & Peipert, J. F. (2013). Weight Change at 12 Months in Users of Three Progestin-Only Contraceptive Methods. Contraception, 88(4), 503–508.
Yoshimura, E., Tajiri, E., Hatamoto, Y., & Tanaka, S. (2020). Changes in Season Affect Body Weight, Physical Activity, Food Intake, and Sleep in Female College Students: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8713.
Zachary, Z., Brianna, F., Brianna, L., Garrett, P., Jade, W., Alyssa, D., & Mikayla, K. (2020). Self-Quarantine and Weight Gain Related Risk Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 14(3), 210–216.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Zumroh Hasanah, Desiana Merawati, Dessy Amelia, Alifia Candra Puriastuti, Rizqie Putri Novembriani, Nurya Viandika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
